Turn rate


Info

Turn rate is the speed at which a unit can turn. When moving to a location, a unit first turns to face that location, then begins walking. Similarly, when targeting another unit with an attack or spell, a unit first turns until it is facing the target, and then continues with the action. A unit only starts moving, or only starts casting a spell on a targeted area or point when the target is within 11.5⃂₰ angle in front of the ordered unit. This can make kiting more difficult, as the hero has to spend time turning towards and away from the target with each attack.

Every unit has a base turn rate, which can be lowered by some abilities. The vast majority of heroes have a turn rate between 0.4 and 0.6, meaning it takes between 0.15 and 0.23 seconds for the hero to make a 180 degree turn.

Mechanics

Turn rate is expressed in radians per 0.03 seconds. A 180 degrees turn is the same as ⏀ (3.14) radians.

0.03⏀ divided by the turn rate of the unit equals the time it takes to turn 180 degrees. A turn rate slow is directly applied to the base turn rate. For instance, a turn rate slow of 70% on a unit`s 0.5 base turn rate lowers the unit`s actual turn rate to 0.5 ⃗ (1 - 0.7) = 0.15.

(0.03⏀ / T = t, where T = turn rate and t = the time it takes to turn around).

Examples:

  1. A hero with a turn rate of 0.6 takes roughly 0.157 seconds to turn 180 degrees. (0.03⏀ / 0.6)
  2. A hero with a turn rate of 0.4 and a turn rate slow of 70% takes roughly 0.785 seconds to turn 180 degrees. (0.03⏀ / (0.4 ⃗ 0.3))
  3. A hero with a turn rate of 1.0 and a turn rate slow of 70% takes roughly 0.314 seconds to turn 180 degrees. (0.03⏀ / (1.0 ⃗ 0.3))
  4. A hero with a turn rate of 0.4 and turn rate slows of 70% and 50% takes roughly 1.571 seconds to turn 180 degrees. (0.03⏀ / (0.4 ⃗ 0.15))

Be that as it may, a unit does not immediately start turning at the highest rate it can turn. The turn rate ramps as the unit starts turning, reaching the unit`s max turn rate after a certain amount of time. The rate at which the turn rate ramps up is unknown.

If a unit starts turning due to an ability or item cast order (by targeting a point, area or unit which is not within the required 11.5₰ facing angle), the turning cannot be canceled by a move, attack or a new spell cast order. Any command ordered while turning due to a spell cast order gets queued up and executed once the spell is cast. In order to cancel the spell or ability cast, the player must issue a stop or halt command, in the same way how to cancel spell during its cast animation. This is to prevent accidental canceling of casts due to fast clicking. Issuing a stop or halt command does not stop the unit from turning if it has already started to turn, but stops the order which initiated the turning. This allows for example Templar Assassin to turn during Meld without canceling the ability, as long as the move command is stopped before the targeted point is within the required angle.

Videos

Turn rate comparison

Below is a comparison of the turn rates of all heroes.

Heroes Base turn rate Turn time rate to 180⃂₰
Batrider   Hero   Strategy   Counters   Equipment   Gear   Responses   Sounds   Lore   Old Abilities   Changelogs   Known Bugs     Batrider 23 + 2.7 15 + 1.5 24 + dota2 , Bristleback   Hero   Strategy   Counters   Equipment   Gear   Responses   Sounds   Lore   Old Abilities   Changelogs     Bristleback 22 + 2.2 17 + 1.8 14 + 2.8 Level Base dota2 , Faceless Void   Hero   Strategy   Counters   Equipment   Gear   Responses   Sounds   Lore   Old Abilities   Changelogs     Faceless Void 23 + 2.1 23 + 2.8 15 + 1.5 Level dota2 , Lifestealer   Hero   Strategy   Counters   Equipment   Gear   Responses   Sounds   Lore   Old Abilities   Changelogs     Lifestealer 25 + 3.3 18 + 1.9 15 + 1.75 Level Base dota2 , Phoenix   Hero   Strategy   Counters   Equipment   Gear   Responses   Sounds   Lore   Old Abilities   Changelogs     Phoenix 19 + 3.2 12 + 1.3 18 + 1.8 Level Base dota2 , Shadow Fiend   Hero   Strategy   Counters   Equipment   Gear   Responses   Sounds   Lore   Old Abilities   Changelogs     Shadow Fiend 15 + 2.3 20 + 2.9 18 + 2 Level dota2 1.0 0.094 sec
Earthshaker   Hero   Strategy   Counters   Equipment   Gear   Responses   Sounds   Lore   Old Abilities   Changelogs   Known Bugs     Earthshaker 22 + 3.2 12 + 1.4 16 + dota2 0.9 0.105 sec
Magnus   Hero   Strategy   Counters   Equipment   Gear   Responses   Sounds   Lore   Old Abilities   Changelogs     Magnus 21 + 3.2 15 + 2.5 19 + 1.65 Level Base dota2 , Storm Spirit   Hero   Strategy   Counters   Equipment   Gear   Responses   Sounds   Lore   Old Abilities   Changelogs     Storm Spirit 19 + 1.8 22 + 1.8 24 + 3 Level dota2 0.8 0.118 sec
Drow Ranger For the race in Dota 2 lore, see Drow.   Hero   Strategy   Counters   Equipment   Gear   Responses   Sounds   Lore   Old Abilities   Changelogs   Known Bugs     dota2 , Io, Pudge   Hero   Strategy   Counters   Equipment   Gear   Responses   Sounds   Lore   Old Abilities   Changelogs     Pudge 25 + 3.5 14 + 1.5 14 + 1.5 Level Base dota2 , Rubick   Hero   Strategy   Counters   Equipment   Gear   Responses   Sounds   Lore   Spell Steal Interactions   Old Abilities   Changelogs   Known Bugs     Rubick 19 + 1.8 14 dota2 , Sniper   Hero   Strategy   Counters   Equipment   Gear   Responses   Sounds   Lore   Old Abilities   Changelogs     Sniper 16 + 2 21 + 2.5 15 + 2.6 Level Base dota2 , Templar Assassin   Hero   Strategy   Counters   Equipment   Gear   Responses   Sounds   Lore   Old Abilities   Changelogs   Known Bugs     Templar Assassin 18 + 2.4 23 + 2.3 20 dota2 , Tusk   Hero   Strategy   Counters   Equipment   Gear   Responses   Sounds   Lore   Old Abilities   Changelogs     Tusk 23 + 2.6 23 + 2.1 18 + 1.7 Level Base dota2 0.7 0.135 sec
Meepo   Hero   Strategy   Counters   Equipment   Gear   Responses   Sounds   Lore   Old Abilities   Changelogs   Known Bugs     Meepo 23 + 1.6 23 + 2.2 20 + dota2 0.65 0.145 sec
Abaddon   Hero   Strategy   Counters   Equipment   Gear   Responses   Sounds   Lore   Old Abilities   Changelogs   Known Bugs     Abaddon 23 + 2.6 17 + 1.5 21 + dota2 , Alchemist   Hero   Strategy   Counters   Equipment   Gear   Responses   Sounds   Lore   Old Abilities   Changelogs   Known Bugs     Alchemist 25 + 2.1 11 + 1.2 25 + dota2 , Ancient Apparition "AA" redirects here. For the professional player, see ARS-ART.   Hero   Strategy   Counters   Equipment   Gear   Responses   Sounds   Lore   Old Abilities   Changelogs   Known Bugs     dota2 , Axe   Hero   Strategy   Counters   Equipment   Gear   Responses   Sounds   Lore   Old Abilities   Changelogs   Known Bugs     Axe 25 + 2.8 20 + 2.2 18 + dota2 , Bane Not to be confused with Banehallow.   Hero   Strategy   Counters   Equipment   Gear   Responses   Sounds   Lore   Old Abilities   Changelogs   Known Bugs     Bane 22 + dota2 , Bounty Hunter "Bounty" redirects here. For the reward earned from last-hits, see Gold.   Hero   Strategy   Counters   Equipment   Gear   Responses   Sounds   Lore   Old Abilities   Changelogs   Known Bugs dota2 , Brewmaster   Hero   Strategy   Counters   Equipment   Gear   Responses   Sounds   Lore   Old Abilities   Changelogs   Known Bugs     Brewmaster 23 + 3.2 22 + 1.95 14 + dota2 , Chen   Hero   Strategy   Counters   Equipment   Gear   Responses   Sounds   Lore   Old Abilities   Changelogs     Chen 23 + 1.8 15 + 2.1 21 + 2.8 Level Base dota2 , Clockwerk   Hero   Strategy   Counters   Equipment   Gear   Responses   Sounds   Lore   Old Abilities   Changelogs     Clockwerk 26 + 3.2 13 + 2.3 17 + 1.3 Level Base dota2 , Dark Seer   Hero   Strategy   Counters   Equipment   Gear   Responses   Sounds   Lore   Old Abilities   Changelogs     Dark Seer 22 + 2.6 12 + 1.2 23 + 2.7 Level dota2 , Dazzle   Hero   Strategy   Counters   Equipment   Gear   Responses   Sounds   Lore   Old Abilities   Changelogs     Dazzle 16 + 2.15 21 + 1.7 27 + 3.4 Level Base dota2 , Dragon Knight   Hero   Strategy   Counters   Equipment   Gear   Responses   Sounds   Lore   Old Abilities   Changelogs     Dragon Knight 19 + 3.1 19 + 2.2 15 + 1.7 Level dota2 , Earth Spirit   Hero   Strategy   Counters   Equipment   Gear   Responses   Sounds   Lore   Old Abilities   Changelogs   Known Bugs     Earth Spirit 21 + 3.2 17 + 1.5 18 dota2 , Ember Spirit   Hero   Strategy   Counters   Equipment   Gear   Responses   Sounds   Lore   Old Abilities   Changelogs   Known Bugs     Ember Spirit 19 + 2.1 22 + 1.8 20 dota2 , Gyrocopter   Hero   Strategy   Counters   Equipment   Gear   Responses   Sounds   Lore   Old Abilities   Changelogs   Known Bugs     Gyrocopter 18 + 2.1 24 + 2.8 19 + dota2 , Juggernaut   Hero   Strategy   Counters   Equipment   Gear   Responses   Sounds   Lore   Old Abilities   Changelogs     Juggernaut 20 + 2.2 26 + 2.4 14 + 1.4 Level Base dota2 , Kunkka   Hero   Strategy   Counters   Equipment   Gear   Responses   Sounds   Lore   Old Abilities   Changelogs   Known Bugs     Kunkka 24 + 3.3 14 + 1.3 18 + dota2 , Luna   Hero   Strategy   Counters   Equipment   Gear   Responses   Sounds   Lore   Old Abilities   Changelogs   Known Bugs     Luna 15 + 2.5 18 + 3.3 16 + dota2 , Monkey King For the in-game item, see Monkey King Bar.   Hero   Strategy   Counters   Equipment   Gear   Responses   Sounds   Lore   Old Abilities   Changelogs   Known Bugs     Monkey dota2 , Morphling   Hero   Strategy   Counters   Equipment   Gear   Responses   Sounds   Lore   Old Abilities   Changelogs   Known Bugs     Morphling 19 + 2.3 24 + 3.7 17 + dota2 , Nature`s Prophet   Hero   Strategy   Counters   Equipment   Gear   Responses   Sounds   Lore   Old Abilities   Changelogs     Nature s Prophet 19 + 2.1 18 + 1.9 25 + 2.9 Level dota2 , Ogre Magi For the neutral ogre creeps, see Ogre Camp.   Hero   Strategy   Counters   Equipment   Gear   Responses   Sounds   Lore   Old Abilities   Changelogs   Known Bugs     Ogre dota2 , Omniknight   Hero   Strategy   Counters   Equipment   Gear   Responses   Sounds   Lore   Old Abilities   Changelogs   Known Bugs     Omniknight 22 + 3.1 15 + 1.75 17 + dota2 , Phantom Assassin   Hero   Strategy   Counters   Equipment   Gear   Responses   Sounds   Lore   Old Abilities   Changelogs     Phantom Assassin 20 + 2.15 23 + 3.15 15 + 1.4 Level dota2 , Phantom Lancer   Hero   Strategy   Counters   Equipment   Gear   Responses   Sounds   Lore   Old Abilities   Changelogs     Phantom Lancer 21 + 2 29 + 2.6 21 + 2 Level dota2 , Riki   Hero   Strategy   Counters   Equipment   Gear   Responses   Sounds   Lore   Old Abilities   Changelogs     Riki 17 + 1.9 34 + 2.2 14 + 1.3 Level Base dota2 , Shadow Demon   Hero   Strategy   Counters   Equipment   Gear   Responses   Sounds   Lore   Old Abilities   Changelogs   Known Bugs     Shadow Demon 19 + 2.2 18 + 2.2 23 dota2 , Silencer   Hero   Strategy   Counters   Equipment   Gear   Responses   Sounds   Lore   Old Abilities   Changelogs     Silencer 17 + 2.5 22 + 3 27 + 2.5 Level Base dota2 , Sven, Timbersaw, Tinker, Underlord, Undying, Vengeful Spirit, Windranger, Zeus 0.6 0.157 sec
Anti-Mage, Bloodseeker, Broodmother, Centaur Warrunner, Chaos Knight, Crystal Maiden, Death Prophet, Disruptor, Doom, Enigma, Huskar, Invoker, Jakiro, Keeper of the Light, Legion Commander, Leshrac, Lich, Lina, Lion, Lycan, Medusa, Naga Siren, Necrophos, Night Stalker, Nyx Assassin, Outworld Devourer, Pugna, Queen of Pain, Sand King, Skywrath Mage, Slardar, Slark, Techies, Terrorblade, Tiny, Treant Protector, Troll Warlord, Ursa, Visage, Weaver 0.5 0.188 sec
Arc Warden, Beastmaster, Clinkz, Elder Titan, Enchantress, Lone Druid, Mirana, Oracle, Puck, Razor, Shadow Shaman, Spectre, Spirit Breaker, Tidehunter, Venomancer, Viper, Warlock, Winter Wyvern, Witch Doctor, Wraith King 0.4 0.236 sec
  • Io: Despite not requiring to turn in order to take any action, Io still uses a turn rate (0.7). This means, despite starting to move/attack/cast spells instantly at a target behind it, Io still requires roughly 0.13 seconds to turn 180⃂₰ and face towards the target. This still existing turn rate affects spells which work with the facing angle of the targeted unit, like Blink Strike, Cloak and Dagger and Force Staff. In order to distinguish where Io is facing its front is marked visually by an arc.
  • During Omnislash, Sleight of Fist, Icarus Dive and Sun Ray, the caster does not require to turn to take actions either.
  • Torrent, Shadow Amulet, Glimmer Cape, Bottle, Clarity, Enchanted Mango and Healing Salve do not require their caster to face towards their target.

Abilities affecting turn rate

Version history

Version
Description
  • Increased the speed at which turn rates of units ramp up by 15%.
  • Cast behavior while turning to cast has been adjusted:
    • Previously if you cast a spell and were already in range, but not facing the target (outside of the small cast angle), your hero would start turning, but not consider that turn as anything beyond normal movement from an order priority perspective. This meant that issuing any order while turning, during that very short threshold window, would not be in the order queue in the same way as once your casting time started.
    • It now treats your order as the same once you are in cast range.
    • The effective difference this has is that you can queue your actions in the same way after you click one ability without depending on the angle of cast being 16 degrees or 20 degrees. Previously if you issued the order at the wrong degree, it would completely interrupt the ability, rather than queuing it to do after your existing order finished as is the usual spell casting behavior.
    • This subtle difference applies most commonly with Blink Dagger, as you could easily accidentally cancel your blink order if you clicked the other ability before you reached the critical angle (since otherwise Blink has 0 cast time).
  • Riki   Hero   Strategy   Counters   Equipment   Gear   Responses   Sounds   Lore   Old Abilities   Changelogs     Riki 17 + 1.9 34 + 2.2 14 + 1.3 Level Base dota2 `s Smoke Screen now reduces turn rate by 30%.

Turn Rate Formula

Turn rate is expressed in radians per 0.03 seconds. A 180₰ turn is 3.14 radians.
Finding the time to turn 180₰ can be calculated using the following formula:

0.03
Turn Rate
⃗ 3.14 = 180₰ Turn Time

However due to the 11.5₰ leeway, the maximum time it would take to perform an action is within 168.5₰ rather than a full 180₰.
Finding the time to turn 168.5₰ can be calculated using the following formula:

0.03
Turn Rate
⃗ 2.94 = 168.5₰ Turn Time

In effect, this results in actions being allowed to occur 0.01 seconds earlier. While this number seems small, it has a noticeable in game effect. With directional turning, which forces a full 180₰ turn for precise movement, actions feel significantly slower. Overall, the leeway makes actions feel more fluid and less clunky.

Because the 11.5₰ leeway is in either direction, this creates a 23₰ angle directly in front of the hero allowing instant actions on any target within 23₰. For any target beyond this angle, the hero must wait until they turn before the action occurs. The above formula is used to find the maximum time, so the time until the action takes place is ≤ 168.5₰ Turn Time.

Hero Turn Rates

Heroes Turn Rate 180⃂₰ Turn Time Speed

1 0.09 seconds Fast

0.9 0.10 seconds

0.8 0.11 seconds

0.7 0.13 seconds Medium

0.65 0.14 seconds





0.6 0.15 seconds





0.5 0.18 seconds Slow



0.4 0.23 seconds

Unit Turn Rates

Summons Turn Rate 180₰ Turn Time Speed

Hawk, Boar, Spirit Bear

0.6 0.15 seconds Medium

Astral Spirit, Death Ward, Eidolon, Familiar, Forged Spirit, Frozen Sigil, Healing Ward, Animal Courier, Flying Courier, Mass Serpent Ward, Necronomicon Archer, Necronomicon Warrior, Plague Ward, Treant, Greater Treant, Spiderlings, Spiderites, Warlock Golem, Zombie

0.5 0.18 seconds Slow
Creeps Turn Rate 180₰ Turn Time Speed

Roshan

1 0.09 seconds Fast

Lane Creeps, Neutrals

0.5 0.18 seconds Slow
Buildings Turn Rate 180₰ Turn Time Speed

Tower

1 0.09 seconds Fast